High Pressure Homogenizers - Revision history

Admin: /* The future of high pressure homogenizers */

2022-02-25T12:46:39Z

The future of high pressure homogenizers

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:46, 25 February 2022
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	=The future of high pressure homogenizers=		=The future of high pressure homogenizers=
	In 2010, the FDA announced a recall of eleven batches of clevidipine butyrate injection emulsion across the United States due to the possibility that the emulsion contained inert metallic particles.4 Particles gathering and forming larger particles would theoretically lead to clogging in blood capillaries, causing mechanical damage to the body or other acute or chronic inflammations.		In 2010, the FDA announced a recall of eleven batches of clevidipine butyrate injection emulsion across the United States due to the possibility that the emulsion contained inert metallic particles<ref>Recall -- Firm Press Release. FDA.[https://www.fda.gov/media/78662/download]</ref>. Particles gathering and forming larger particles would theoretically lead to clogging in blood capillaries, causing mechanical damage to the body or other acute or chronic inflammations.

	Therefore, it is not recommended to use the impact type of homogenization chamber in the pharmaceutical industry. These models are no longer suitable for mass production of pharmaceutical emulsion injection. The interaction mechanism is also more durable in ultra-high pressure machines when equipped with temperature control. With increasing demand for nanomaterials, which require higher pressure and higher performance in nano-dispersion, interaction chambers will be more widely used in nanotechnology fields, such as pharmaceuticals, semiconductors, and microelectronics.		Therefore, it is not recommended to use the impact type of homogenization chamber in the pharmaceutical industry. These models are no longer suitable for mass production of pharmaceutical emulsion injection. The interaction mechanism is also more durable in ultra-high pressure machines when equipped with temperature control. With increasing demand for nanomaterials, which require higher pressure and higher performance in nano-dispersion, interaction chambers will be more widely used in nanotechnology fields, such as pharmaceuticals, semiconductors, and microelectronics.
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	With the development of the high thrust linear actuator system, high-thrust and low-speed linear motors will be applied in ultra-high pressure homogenizers in the future. As the pressure increases, temperature control will be a major technical challenge—and therefore, a temperature-controlled and ultra-high pressure-durable interaction chamber is a major avenue for future development.		With the development of the high thrust linear actuator system, high-thrust and low-speed linear motors will be applied in ultra-high pressure homogenizers in the future. As the pressure increases, temperature control will be a major technical challenge—and therefore, a temperature-controlled and ultra-high pressure-durable interaction chamber is a major avenue for future development.


	=Videos=		=Videos=

Admin: /* Selecting a high pressure generator */

2022-02-25T12:44:23Z

Selecting a high pressure generator

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:44, 25 February 2022
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	[[File:High_Pressure_Homogenizers_Ceramic_piston.png\|thumb\|250px\|right\|Ceramic piston]]		[[File:High_Pressure_Homogenizers_Ceramic_piston.png\|thumb\|250px\|right\|Ceramic piston]]
	Overall, a cylinder with an intensifier is superior to a direct-drive one.		Overall, a cylinder with an intensifier is superior to a direct-drive one.
	Under the same flow rate, higher pressure produces lower frequency, fewer pressure fluctuations, better product quality, and greater equipment durability. At 30,000 psi, a laboratory high pressure homogenizer, can reach fluctuation levels of less than 10 Hz, as opposed to 60 Hz from a normal homogenizer.		Under the same flow rate, higher pressure produces lower frequency, fewer pressure fluctuations, better product quality, and greater equipment durability. At 30,000 psi, a laboratory high pressure homogenizer<ref>NanoGenizer, [https://www.genizer.com/nanogenizer_p0039.html]</ref>, can reach fluctuation levels of less than 10 Hz, as opposed to 60 Hz from a normal homogenizer.

	High pressure piston materials can be divided into ceramics, tungsten carbide, and hardened stainless steel, with ceramics as the costliest option and hardened stainless steel as the most affordable. Quality and durability align with cost: Ceramic materials offer the highest quality, followed by hard tungsten alloy, with hardened stainless steel as a lower-quality option.

			High pressure piston materials can be divided into ceramics, tungsten carbide, and hardened stainless steel, with ceramics as the costliest option and hardened stainless steel as the most affordable. Quality and durability align with cost: Ceramic materials offer the highest quality, followed by hard tungsten alloy, with hardened stainless steel as a lower-quality option.

	==Selecting homogenization parts==		==Selecting homogenization parts==

Admin: /* By principle and structure of the interaction chamber */

2022-02-25T12:40:17Z

By principle and structure of the interaction chamber

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:40, 25 February 2022
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	==By principle and structure of the interaction chamber==		==By principle and structure of the interaction chamber==
	[[File:High_Pressure_Homogenizers_principle.png\|thumb\|~~250px~~\|right\|The three-type principle of high pressure homogenization]]		[[File:High_Pressure_Homogenizers_principle.png\|thumb\|300px\|right\|The three-type principle of high pressure homogenization<ref>Three-Types Homogenizing Mechanism in History. [https://www.genizer.com/art/technology_a0043.html]</ref>]]

	===First Generation: Impact Type===		===First Generation: Impact Type===

Admin: /* Hand Driven */

2022-02-25T12:37:53Z

Hand Driven

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:37, 25 February 2022
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	===Hand Driven===		===Hand Driven===
	[[File:High_Pressure_Homogenizers_handdriven.png\|thumb\|250px\|right\|Hand-driven high pressure homogenizer]]		[[File:High_Pressure_Homogenizers_handdriven.png\|thumb\|250px\|right\|Hand-driven high pressure homogenizer]]
	<ref>~~Hand driven homogenizers~~</ref>pressurize the material by manual power. The flow rate of a hand homogenizer is small, but it is portable and easy to assemble and disassemble. It requires very small amounts of materials, making it suitable for small-scale experiments. This type of device is capable of supporting biopharmaceutical laboratories’ research and development needs. The manual high-pressure homogenizer is also called the Handgenizer.1		Hand driven homogenizers<ref>HandGenizer,[https://www.genizer.com/handgenizer-laboratory-hand-drive_p0009.html]</ref> pressurize the material by manual power. The flow rate of a hand homogenizer is small, but it is portable and easy to assemble and disassemble. It requires very small amounts of materials, making it suitable for small-scale experiments. This type of device is capable of supporting biopharmaceutical laboratories’ research and development needs. The manual high-pressure homogenizer is also called the Handgenizer.1

	===Air Driven===		===Air Driven===

Admin: /* Hand Driven */

2022-02-25T12:34:57Z

Hand Driven

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:34, 25 February 2022
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	===Hand Driven===		===Hand Driven===
	[[File:High_Pressure_Homogenizers_handdriven.png\|thumb\|250px\|right\|Hand-driven high pressure homogenizer]]		[[File:High_Pressure_Homogenizers_handdriven.png\|thumb\|250px\|right\|Hand-driven high pressure homogenizer]]
	Hand driven homogenizers<ref> pressurize the material by manual power. The flow rate of a hand homogenizer is small, but it is portable and easy to assemble and disassemble. It requires very small amounts of materials, making it suitable for small-scale experiments. This type of device is capable of supporting biopharmaceutical laboratories’ research and development needs. The manual high-pressure homogenizer is also called the Handgenizer.1		<ref>Hand driven homogenizers</ref>pressurize the material by manual power. The flow rate of a hand homogenizer is small, but it is portable and easy to assemble and disassemble. It requires very small amounts of materials, making it suitable for small-scale experiments. This type of device is capable of supporting biopharmaceutical laboratories’ research and development needs. The manual high-pressure homogenizer is also called the Handgenizer.1

	===Air Driven===		===Air Driven===

Admin at 12:33, 25 February 2022

2022-02-25T12:33:51Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:33, 25 February 2022
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	===Hand Driven===		===Hand Driven===
	[[File:High_Pressure_Homogenizers_handdriven.png\|thumb\|250px\|right\|Hand-driven high pressure homogenizer]]		[[File:High_Pressure_Homogenizers_handdriven.png\|thumb\|250px\|right\|Hand-driven high pressure homogenizer]]
	Hand driven homogenizers pressurize the material by manual power. The flow rate of a hand homogenizer is small, but it is portable and easy to assemble and disassemble. It requires very small amounts of materials, making it suitable for small-scale experiments. This type of device is capable of supporting biopharmaceutical laboratories’ research and development needs. The manual high-pressure homogenizer is also called the Handgenizer.1		Hand driven homogenizers<ref> pressurize the material by manual power. The flow rate of a hand homogenizer is small, but it is portable and easy to assemble and disassemble. It requires very small amounts of materials, making it suitable for small-scale experiments. This type of device is capable of supporting biopharmaceutical laboratories’ research and development needs. The manual high-pressure homogenizer is also called the Handgenizer.1

	===Air Driven===		===Air Driven===
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	<youtube>jdi8z-PWIGc</youtube>		<youtube>jdi8z-PWIGc</youtube>
	<youtube>L75LnkRXNLw</youtube>		<youtube>L75LnkRXNLw</youtube>


			=References=
			<references />

Admin: /* Selecting homogenization parts */

2022-02-25T12:16:20Z

Selecting homogenization parts

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:16, 25 February 2022
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	==Selecting homogenization parts==		==Selecting homogenization parts==
	[[File:High_Pressure_Homogenizers_Homogenization_chamber_performance_comparison.jpg\|thumb\|~~200px~~\|right\|Homogenization chamber performance comparison]]		[[File:High_Pressure_Homogenizers_Homogenization_chamber_performance_comparison.jpg\|thumb\|400px\|right\|Homogenization chamber performance comparison]]
	As a core component of homogenizers, homogenization chambers play a decisive role in achieving optimum results for the process. Different inner constructions of homogenization chambers lead to different results and applications.		As a core component of homogenizers, homogenization chambers play a decisive role in achieving optimum results for the process. Different inner constructions of homogenization chambers lead to different results and applications.
	When selecting a suitable homogenizer, the purchaser must consider both performance and cost. In general, the cost of the first-generation homogenization chamber is more economical, but its performance in the homogenization process is not as good as the second generation’s. The second-generation homogenization chamber produces a superior product, but when processing materials with high concentration and viscosity, it is more likely to block than first-generation machines, and its cost is higher as well. The interaction chamber with a cooling system, developed by Genizer, can be used for thermally unstable biological and pharmaceutical products.		When selecting a suitable homogenizer, the purchaser must consider both performance and cost. In general, the cost of the first-generation homogenization chamber is more economical, but its performance in the homogenization process is not as good as the second generation’s. The second-generation homogenization chamber produces a superior product, but when processing materials with high concentration and viscosity, it is more likely to block than first-generation machines, and its cost is higher as well. The interaction chamber with a cooling system, developed by Genizer, can be used for thermally unstable biological and pharmaceutical products.


	==Maximum homogenizing pressure==		==Maximum homogenizing pressure==

Admin at 12:15, 25 February 2022

2022-02-25T12:15:41Z

Admin at 12:13, 25 February 2022

2022-02-25T12:13:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:13, 25 February 2022
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	=Introduction=		=Introduction=
			[[File:High Pressure Homogenizers_Interaction chambers_2.jpg\|thumb\|250px\|right\|Interaction chambers in homogenization unit]]
	High pressure homogenizers are used in the biological, pharmaceutical, food, chemical, and many other industries. Their products and purposes include cell disruption, food homogenization, fine chemicals, preparation of liposomes, fat emulsions, nanosuspensions, microemulsions, lipid microspheres, vaccines, emulsions, dairy products, infusion solutions, dyes, graphene, carbon nanotubes, conductive coatings, nano-oxide dispersion, and more. The global market for high pressure homogenizers is growing annually, and this is especially true in the nanotechnology market. To prepare pharmaceutical nanoemulsions, high pressure homogenizers such as the nanogenizer are essential: Their pressure is always above 20,000 psi, and they feature high-quality diamond interaction chambers to achieve a uniform, pharmaceutical-grade nanoparticle size distribution.		High pressure homogenizers are used in the biological, pharmaceutical, food, chemical, and many other industries. Their products and purposes include cell disruption, food homogenization, fine chemicals, preparation of liposomes, fat emulsions, nanosuspensions, microemulsions, lipid microspheres, vaccines, emulsions, dairy products, infusion solutions, dyes, graphene, carbon nanotubes, conductive coatings, nano-oxide dispersion, and more. The global market for high pressure homogenizers is growing annually, and this is especially true in the nanotechnology market. To prepare pharmaceutical nanoemulsions, high pressure homogenizers such as the nanogenizer are essential: Their pressure is always above 20,000 psi, and they feature high-quality diamond interaction chambers to achieve a uniform, pharmaceutical-grade nanoparticle size distribution.

	=Key Principles=		=Key Principles=
	~~[[File:High Pressure Homogenizers_Interaction chambers_2.jpg\|thumb\|250px\|right\|Interaction chambers in homogenization unit]]~~
	The key component of a high pressure homogenizer includes a homogenization unit such as diamond interaction chamber, and a high pressure pump unit. There is a specially designed fixed geometry inside the diamond interaction chamber. Strokes of the piston in the high pressure pump unit drive the samples through the interaction chamber at supersonic speed. In the chamber, materials are subjected to mechanical forces such as high shearing, high-frequency oscillation, cavitation and convective impact, and corresponding thermal effects simultaneously.		The key component of a high pressure homogenizer includes a homogenization unit such as diamond interaction chamber, and a high pressure pump unit. There is a specially designed fixed geometry inside the diamond interaction chamber. Strokes of the piston in the high pressure pump unit drive the samples through the interaction chamber at supersonic speed. In the chamber, materials are subjected to mechanical forces such as high shearing, high-frequency oscillation, cavitation and convective impact, and corresponding thermal effects simultaneously.

Admin at 12:12, 25 February 2022

2022-02-25T12:12:31Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:12, 25 February 2022
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	=Key Principles=		=Key Principles=
	[[File:High Pressure Homogenizers_Interaction chambers_2.jpg\|thumb\|250px\|right\|Interaction chambers in homogenization unit]]		[[File:High Pressure Homogenizers_Interaction chambers_2.jpg\|thumb\|250px\|right\|Interaction chambers in homogenization unit]]
	The key component of a high pressure homogenizer includes a homogenization unit such as diamond interaction chamber, and a high pressure pump unit. There is a specially designed fixed geometry inside the diamond interaction chamber. Strokes of the piston in the high pressure pump unit drive the samples through the interaction chamber at supersonic speed. In the chamber, materials are subjected to mechanical forces such as high shearing, high-frequency oscillation, cavitation and convective impact, and corresponding thermal effects simultaneously. These mechanical and physiochemical effects can induce change in the physical, chemical, and particle structure of the materials. This results in uniform and smaller nanoparticle size, achieving a homogenization effect.		The key component of a high pressure homogenizer includes a homogenization unit such as diamond interaction chamber, and a high pressure pump unit. There is a specially designed fixed geometry inside the diamond interaction chamber. Strokes of the piston in the high pressure pump unit drive the samples through the interaction chamber at supersonic speed. In the chamber, materials are subjected to mechanical forces such as high shearing, high-frequency oscillation, cavitation and convective impact, and corresponding thermal effects simultaneously.

			These mechanical and physiochemical effects can induce change in the physical, chemical, and particle structure of the materials. This results in uniform and smaller nanoparticle size, achieving a homogenization effect.

	The interaction chamber is the core of the high pressure homogenizer, and its unique geometric internal structure is the main factor determining the effectiveness of the homogenization process. The intensifier pump exerts the required pressure for materials to pass through the interaction chamber at high speed. The pressure’s strength and stability are important to ensure the production of high-quality nanomaterials.		The interaction chamber is the core of the high pressure homogenizer, and its unique geometric internal structure is the main factor determining the effectiveness of the homogenization process. The intensifier pump exerts the required pressure for materials to pass through the interaction chamber at high speed. The pressure’s strength and stability are important to ensure the production of high-quality nanomaterials.

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:15, 25 February 2022
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	===Electric===		===Electric===
	[[File:High_Pressure_Homogenizers_electric.jpg\|thumb\|~~200px~~\|right\|Electric high pressure homogenizer with intensifier]]		[[File:High_Pressure_Homogenizers_electric.jpg\|thumb\|250px\|right\|Electric high pressure homogenizer with intensifier]]
	Electric homogenizers are powered by an electric motor. This category of homogenizer can be further subdivided into two types: direct-drive and intensifier.		Electric homogenizers are powered by an electric motor. This category of homogenizer can be further subdivided into two types: direct-drive and intensifier.

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	===Intensifier type===		===Intensifier type===
	In intensifier-type high pressure homogenizers, the motor drives the intensifier to pressurize the material through the interaction chamber. The intensifier system can provide higher pressure, thereby improving the performance of the homogenization process. The flow rate of the homogenizer with an intensifier is lower than it is for the homogenizer with a crankshaft, smaller amounts of materials are required, and the pressure is higher. It can be used for laboratory applications with small amounts sample, and for production applications with high pressure. When equipped with the diamond interaction chamber, the electric high pressure homogenizer with an intensifier falls into the category of high-end homogenizers. This type is widely used in biology, pharmaceutical, and nanotechnology laboratories. The traditional intensifier is hydraulic, and the new type of electric cylinder by linear actuator is emerged with more performance.		In intensifier-type high pressure homogenizers, the motor drives the intensifier to pressurize the material through the interaction chamber. The intensifier system can provide higher pressure, thereby improving the performance of the homogenization process. The flow rate of the homogenizer with an intensifier is lower than it is for the homogenizer with a crankshaft, smaller amounts of materials are required, and the pressure is higher.

			It can be used for laboratory applications with small amounts sample, and for production applications with high pressure. When equipped with the diamond interaction chamber, the electric high pressure homogenizer with an intensifier falls into the category of high-end homogenizers. This type is widely used in biology, pharmaceutical, and nanotechnology laboratories. The traditional intensifier is hydraulic, and the new type of electric cylinder by linear actuator is emerged with more performance.

	===Hand Driven===		===Hand Driven===
	[[File:High_Pressure_Homogenizers_handdriven.png\|thumb\|~~200px~~\|right\|Hand-driven high pressure homogenizer]]		[[File:High_Pressure_Homogenizers_handdriven.png\|thumb\|250px\|right\|Hand-driven high pressure homogenizer]]
	Hand driven homogenizers pressurize the material by manual power. The flow rate of a hand homogenizer is small, but it is portable and easy to assemble and disassemble. It requires very small amounts of materials, making it suitable for small-scale experiments. This type of device is capable of supporting biopharmaceutical laboratories’ research and development needs. The manual high-pressure homogenizer is also called the Handgenizer.1		Hand driven homogenizers pressurize the material by manual power. The flow rate of a hand homogenizer is small, but it is portable and easy to assemble and disassemble. It requires very small amounts of materials, making it suitable for small-scale experiments. This type of device is capable of supporting biopharmaceutical laboratories’ research and development needs. The manual high-pressure homogenizer is also called the Handgenizer.1

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	==By principle and structure of the interaction chamber==		==By principle and structure of the interaction chamber==
	[[File:High_Pressure_Homogenizers_principle.png\|thumb\|~~200px~~\|right\|The three-type principle of high pressure homogenization]]		[[File:High_Pressure_Homogenizers_principle.png\|thumb\|250px\|right\|The three-type principle of high pressure homogenization]]

	===First Generation: Impact Type===		===First Generation: Impact Type===
	'''Cavitation nozzles:''' The main function of this nozzle is cavitation, which leads to the separation of the emulsion and thereby increases the particle size. Under the pressure of the homogenizer, the materials flow into the cavitation nozzle with a very small aperture at several times the speed of sound. Meanwhile, intense friction and collision take place between the particles and the metal valve parts. This friction reduces the service life of the equipment, and the collisions cause metallic particles to fall into the final products.		'''Cavitation nozzles:''' The main function of this nozzle is cavitation, which leads to the separation of the emulsion and thereby increases the particle size. Under the pressure of the homogenizer, the materials flow into the cavitation nozzle with a very small aperture at several times the speed of sound. Meanwhile, intense friction and collision take place between the particles and the metal valve parts. This friction reduces the service life of the equipment, and the collisions cause metallic particles to fall into the final products.
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	===Second Generation: Interaction Type===		===Second Generation: Interaction Type===
	[[File:High_Pressure_Homogenizers_Interaction_chamber.png\|thumb\|~~200px~~\|right\|Interaction chamber with cooling jacket]]		[[File:High_Pressure_Homogenizers_Interaction_chamber.png\|thumb\|250px\|right\|Interaction chamber with cooling jacket]]
	'''Y-type interaction chamber:''' The Y-type interaction chamber, regarded as one of the most powerful homogenization chambers to date, has been used by several manufacturers in the USA. In these systems, the flow stream is split into two channels that are redirected over the same plane at right angles and propelled into a single flow stream. High pressure promotes a high speed at the crossover of the two flows, which results in high shear, turbulence, and cavitation over the single outbound flow stream. With the unique Y-type structure, the high-speed moving materials in the high-pressure solution collide with each other, in a process that greatly improves the service life of the chamber over those with more conventional designs. The use of diamond material prevents the formation of metal particle residue.		'''Y-type interaction chamber:''' The Y-type interaction chamber, regarded as one of the most powerful homogenization chambers to date, has been used by several manufacturers in the USA. In these systems, the flow stream is split into two channels that are redirected over the same plane at right angles and propelled into a single flow stream. High pressure promotes a high speed at the crossover of the two flows, which results in high shear, turbulence, and cavitation over the single outbound flow stream.

			With the unique Y-type structure, the high-speed moving materials in the high-pressure solution collide with each other, in a process that greatly improves the service life of the chamber over those with more conventional designs. The use of diamond material prevents the formation of metal particle residue.

	The Y-type interaction chamber is widely used in the preparation of pharmaceutical emulsions because it minimizes cavitation and produces exquisite, stable particle size and PDI (poly dispersity index) control ability. Genizer and Microfluidics Corp. are the main manufacturers of the diamond interaction chamber. At present, the Y-type diamond interaction chamber is mainly used in high-end nanotechnology, and it occupies more than 90% of the US pharmaceutical industry. Genizer’s temperature-controlled interaction chamber avoids temperature surges and enables working pressure of up to 60,000 psi.		The Y-type interaction chamber is widely used in the preparation of pharmaceutical emulsions because it minimizes cavitation and produces exquisite, stable particle size and PDI (poly dispersity index) control ability. Genizer and Microfluidics Corp. are the main manufacturers of the diamond interaction chamber. At present, the Y-type diamond interaction chamber is mainly used in high-end nanotechnology, and it occupies more than 90% of the US pharmaceutical industry. Genizer’s temperature-controlled interaction chamber avoids temperature surges and enables working pressure of up to 60,000 psi.
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	===Direct-drive type===		===Direct-drive type===
	[[File:High_Pressure_Homogenizers_direct-drive.jpg\|thumb\|~~200px~~\|right\|Internal structure diagram of direct-drive type homogenizer]]		[[File:High_Pressure_Homogenizers_direct-drive.jpg\|thumb\|250px\|right\|Internal structure diagram of direct-drive type homogenizer]]
	The motor drives the crankshaft to move the plunger back and forth and directly pressurize the material. Multiple sets of plungers provide constant pressure, and the flow rate is high for this type of homogenizer. However, the minimum material requirements are also high, as is the amount of residual produced. The crankshaft driven by the motor needs a multi-stage gear reduction mechanism, which limits these homogenizers to only moderate efficiency and requires large unit dimensions. This homogenizer type is suitable for the food and chemical industries, as well as other applications that do not have high pressure requirements.		The motor drives the crankshaft to move the plunger back and forth and directly pressurize the material. Multiple sets of plungers provide constant pressure, and the flow rate is high for this type of homogenizer. However, the minimum material requirements are also high, as is the amount of residual produced.

			The crankshaft driven by the motor needs a multi-stage gear reduction mechanism, which limits these homogenizers to only moderate efficiency and requires large unit dimensions. This homogenizer type is suitable for the food and chemical industries, as well as other applications that do not have high pressure requirements.

	===Intensifier type===		===Intensifier type===
	[[File:High_Pressure_Homogenizers_hydraulic_type-quad_pump.jpg\|thumb\|~~200px~~\|right\|Structural diagram of hydraulic type-quad pump with constant pressure]]		[[File:High_Pressure_Homogenizers_hydraulic_type-quad_pump.jpg\|thumb\|250px\|right\|Structural diagram of hydraulic type-quad pump with constant pressure]]
	The intensifier-type homogenizer is the result of the development of ultra-high pressure technology in recent years. One of its mechanisms involves the motor driving the oil pump to pressurize the material through the hydraulic system. The pressure provided by the hydraulic system is higher than in direct-drive homogenizers, while the volume and the minimum material requirement is smaller. The intensifier-type homogenizer can be applied to both laboratory and production homogenizers with high pressure. Hydraulic homogenizers are expensive, but the hydraulic intensifier can achieve low-frequency and high-thrust piston movement, which increases the machine’s service life and reduces its maintenance costs. Using parallel four-cylinder technology, stable pressure can be obtained without an accumulator, achieving ultra-high pressure of up to 45,000 psi.		The intensifier-type homogenizer is the result of the development of ultra-high pressure technology in recent years. One of its mechanisms involves the motor driving the oil pump to pressurize the material through the hydraulic system. The pressure provided by the hydraulic system is higher than in direct-drive homogenizers, while the volume and the minimum material requirement is smaller. The intensifier-type homogenizer can be applied to both laboratory and production homogenizers with high pressure.

			Hydraulic homogenizers are expensive, but the hydraulic intensifier can achieve low-frequency and high-thrust piston movement, which increases the machine’s service life and reduces its maintenance costs. Using parallel four-cylinder technology, stable pressure can be obtained without an accumulator, achieving ultra-high pressure of up to 45,000 psi.

	In the past, most high pressure homogenizers were the direct-drive type, but this type’s disadvantage is obvious. Its service life is short, and its wearing parts need frequent maintenance, especially those pressure-bearing parts when the pressure is above 100 MPa. Hydraulic homogenizers have a high manufacturing cost, but they also offer a long service life and lower maintenance costs for wearing parts.		In the past, most high pressure homogenizers were the direct-drive type, but this type’s disadvantage is obvious. Its service life is short, and its wearing parts need frequent maintenance, especially those pressure-bearing parts when the pressure is above 100 MPa. Hydraulic homogenizers have a high manufacturing cost, but they also offer a long service life and lower maintenance costs for wearing parts.
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	=How to select a high pressure homogenizer=		=How to select a high pressure homogenizer=
	==Selecting a high pressure generator==		==Selecting a high pressure generator==
	[[File:High_Pressure_Homogenizers_Ceramic_piston.png\|thumb\|~~200px~~\|right\|Ceramic piston]]		[[File:High_Pressure_Homogenizers_Ceramic_piston.png\|thumb\|250px\|right\|Ceramic piston]]
	Overall, a cylinder with an intensifier is superior to a direct-drive one.		Overall, a cylinder with an intensifier is superior to a direct-drive one.
	Under the same flow rate, higher pressure produces lower frequency, fewer pressure fluctuations, better product quality, and greater equipment durability. At 30,000 psi, a laboratory high pressure homogenizer, can reach fluctuation levels of less than 10 Hz, as opposed to 60 Hz from a normal homogenizer.		Under the same flow rate, higher pressure produces lower frequency, fewer pressure fluctuations, better product quality, and greater equipment durability. At 30,000 psi, a laboratory high pressure homogenizer, can reach fluctuation levels of less than 10 Hz, as opposed to 60 Hz from a normal homogenizer.

	High pressure piston materials can be divided into ceramics, tungsten carbide, and hardened stainless steel, with ceramics as the costliest option and hardened stainless steel as the most affordable. Quality and durability align with cost: Ceramic materials offer the highest quality, followed by hard tungsten alloy, with hardened stainless steel as a lower-quality option.		High pressure piston materials can be divided into ceramics, tungsten carbide, and hardened stainless steel, with ceramics as the costliest option and hardened stainless steel as the most affordable. Quality and durability align with cost: Ceramic materials offer the highest quality, followed by hard tungsten alloy, with hardened stainless steel as a lower-quality option.