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Difference between revisions of "Crushers"
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[[Category:Particle Size Reduction]]{{Knoppen}} | [[Category:Particle Size Reduction]]{{Knoppen}} | ||
[[File:Impact_Crusher.jpg|thumb|right|Impact Crusher]] | [[File:Impact_Crusher.jpg|thumb|right|Impact Crusher]] | ||
[[File:VSI_Crusher_mobile.jpg|thumb|right|Mobile Vertical Shaft Impact Crusher]] | [[File:VSI_Crusher_mobile.jpg|thumb|right|Mobile Vertical Shaft Impact Crusher]] | ||
A '''crusher''' is a machine designed to reduce large rocks into smaller rocks, gravel, or rock dust. Crushers may be used to reduce the size, or change the form, of waste materials so they can be more easily disposed of or recycled, or to reduce the size of a solid mix of raw materials (as in rock ore), so that pieces of different composition can be differentiated. Crushing is the process of transferring a force amplified by mechanical advantage through a material made of molecules that bond together more strongly, and resist deformation more, than those in the material being crushed do. Crushing devices hold material between two parallel or tangent solid surfaces, and apply sufficient force to bring the surfaces together to generate enough energy within the material being crushed so that its molecules separate from (fracturing), or change alignment in relation to (deformation), each other. The earliest crushers were hand-held stones, where the weight of the stone provided a boost to muscle power, used against a stone anvil. Querns and mortar and mortars are types of these crushing devices. | A '''crusher''' is a machine designed to reduce large rocks into smaller rocks, gravel, or rock dust. Crushers may be used to reduce the size, or change the form, of waste materials so they can be more easily disposed of or recycled, or to reduce the size of a solid mix of raw materials (as in rock ore), so that pieces of different composition can be differentiated. Crushing is the process of transferring a force amplified by mechanical advantage through a material made of molecules that bond together more strongly, and resist deformation more, than those in the material being crushed do. Crushing devices hold material between two parallel or tangent solid surfaces, and apply sufficient force to bring the surfaces together to generate enough energy within the material being crushed so that its molecules separate from (fracturing), or change alignment in relation to (deformation), each other. The earliest crushers were hand-held stones, where the weight of the stone provided a boost to muscle power, used against a stone anvil. Querns and mortar and mortars are types of these crushing devices. | ||
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==Industrial use== | ==Industrial use== | ||
In the industry, crushers are machines which use a metal surface to break or compress materials. Mining operations use crushers, commonly classified by the degree to which they fragment the starting material, with [[Primary Stage Crushers| primary]] and [[Secondary Stage Crushers| secondary]] crushers handling coarse materials, and [[Tertiary Stage Crushers |tertiary]] and [[Quaternary | In the industry, crushers are machines which use a metal surface to break or compress materials. Mining operations use crushers, commonly classified by the degree to which they fragment the starting material, with [[Primary Stage Crushers| primary]] and [[Secondary Stage Crushers| secondary]] crushers handling coarse materials, and [[Tertiary Stage Crushers |tertiary]] and [[Quaternary Crushers|quaternary]] crushers reducing ore particles to finer gradations. Each crusher is designed to work with a certain maximum size of raw material, and often delivers its output to a [[Screeners|screening]] machine which sorts and directs the product for further processing. Typically, crushing stages are followed by milling stages if the materials need to be further reduced. Crushers are used to reduce particle size enough so that the material can be processed into finer particles in a [[Grinders|grinder]]. A typical circuit at a mine might consist of a crusher followed by a grinder SAG mill followed by a grinder [[Ball Mills|Ball mill]]. In this context, the SAG mill and [[Ball Mills|Ball mill]] are considered [[Grinders]] rather than crushers. | ||
Crushers can be categorized in the way they are used in the industry (Continuous or per batch). | Crushers can be categorized in the way they are used in the industry (Continuous or per batch). | ||