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Difference between revisions of "Liposome Extruders"
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=Common Types of Liposome Extruders= | =Common Types of Liposome Extruders= | ||
Liposome extruders can be classified into three categories: hand driven liposome extruders, jacketed liposome extruders, and online liposome extruders. Each category is based on its different power sources. | Liposome extruders can be classified into three categories: hand driven liposome extruders, jacketed liposome extruders, and online liposome extruders. Each category is based on its different power sources. | ||
==Hand Driven Liposome Extruders== | ==Hand Driven Liposome Extruders== | ||
[[File:Hand_Driven_Liposome_Extruders.png|thumb|250px|right|Hand Driven Liposome Extruders]] | |||
The hand driven liposome extruders are capable of processing the sample volume from 0.25mL to 2.5mL, which is suitable for mini sample volume applications during the experimental phase. It is operated by simply pushing the plunger manually. | The hand driven liposome extruders are capable of processing the sample volume from 0.25mL to 2.5mL, which is suitable for mini sample volume applications during the experimental phase. It is operated by simply pushing the plunger manually. | ||
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[[File:Jacketed_Liposome_Extruders.png|thumb|250px|right|Jacketed Liposome Extruders]] | [[File:Jacketed_Liposome_Extruders.png|thumb|250px|right|Jacketed Liposome Extruders]] | ||
The jacketed liposome extruders have a wide range of processing capacities, from sample volume 2mL to 3L depending on the models. It is suitable for lab scale and pilot scale applications. It is driven by compressed nitrogen cylinder. Most of the jacketed liposome extruders are designed with jacketed barrel to achieve the temperature control of the sample. | The jacketed liposome extruders have a wide range of processing capacities, from sample volume 2mL to 3L depending on the models. It is suitable for lab scale and pilot scale applications. It is driven by compressed nitrogen cylinder. Most of the jacketed liposome extruders are designed with jacketed barrel to achieve the temperature control of the sample. | ||
==Online Liposome Extruders== | |||
[[File:Online_Liposome_Extruders.png|thumb|250px|right|Online Liposome Extruders]] | |||
Online liposome extruders are available for the processing capacity from 2mL to 20L depending on the different models. These extruders are more suitable for pilot scale applications. It is powered by a high-pressure pump unit or other production equipment. | |||
==Multiple Liposome Extruders System== | |||
[[File:Multiple_Liposome_Extruders_systems_with_liposome_extruding_control_panel.png|thumb|250px|right|Multiple Liposome Extruders systems with liposome extruding control panel]] | |||
The multiple liposome extruders system is able to process the volume from 1L to 200L. It features both the temperature and pressure sensors in the product line, and a control panel to control the production for liposomes. | |||
=Track-Etched Polycarbonate Extrusion Membranes= | |||
[[File:Microscopic_Representation_for_Track-Etched_Polycarbonate_Membranes.png|thumb|250px|right|Microscopic Representation for Track-Etched Polycarbonate Membranes]] | |||
The operations of liposome extruders have high requirements for the extrusion membranes. The nucleus track-etched polycarbonate membranes should have uniform distributions of filter pores. In an ideal membrane, all nano pores should be of the same size. Furthermore, the extrusion membrane with vertical pore distribution is more conducive to the preparation of liposome extrusion. | |||
In general, selecting right size of the polycarbonate membranes will ensure successful extrusion. It is strongly recommended to know the initial particle size of the processing sample before the extrusion. Another factor to consider for selecting the membrane is the desired particle size for your end product. | |||
For example, if the initial particle size of the sample is 1μm, and the target is to achieve the particle size below 100 nm, here are several options available: | |||
==Extrusion Multiple Times via the Target Pore Size Membranes== | |||
For example, the user can extrude the sample through a 100 nm polycarbonate membrane using a liposome extruder several times. | |||
But the problems that may arise are: | |||
* The difficulties in extrusion process; | |||
* The large vesicles may block the surface of the polycarbonate membrane, and request a replacement of a new membrane, etc. | |||
==Extrusion via the Different Pore Size Membranes== | |||
This procedure is to use different pore size membranes to extrude step by step. For example, the sample is extruded through a 400nm polycarbonate membrane first, and observe the extrusion process. If it is hard to extrude the sample through the 400nm membranes, then replace a new membrane with a larger pore size, such as 800nm for extrusion 3~5 times. It can be optimized during the process. After the first-round extrusion, select a smaller pore size polycarbonate membrane, such as 100 nm or 80 nm to extrude again. 200 nm polycarbonate membranes can be used as a transition if the extrusion is difficult to go through the 100nm membranes. | |||
==High Pressure Homogenization-Extrusion Method== | |||
[[File:High_Pressure_Homogenizer_combines_with_online_liposome_extruder.png|thumb|250px|right|High Pressure Homogenizer combines with online liposome extruder]] | |||
The sample can be high pressure homogenized first, and extruded through a 100nm or 80nm polycarbonate membrane after homogenization. | |||
=Videos= | =Videos= | ||
<youtube> | <youtube>VoxAsfb34IQ</youtube> | ||
<youtube> | <youtube>xxoGovXZdVA</youtube> | ||
=References= | =References= | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||