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High Pressure Homogenizers (view source)
Revision as of 05:42, 25 February 2022
, 05:42, 25 February 2022no edit summary
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===By principle and structure of the interaction chamber=== | ===By principle and structure of the interaction chamber=== | ||
[[File:High_Pressure_Homogenizers_principle.png|thumb|200px|right|The three-type principle of high pressure homogenization[]] | [[File:High_Pressure_Homogenizers_principle.png|thumb|200px|right|The three-type principle of high pressure homogenization[]] | ||
====First Generation: Impact Type==== | |||
'''Cavitation nozzles:''' The main function of this nozzle is cavitation, which leads to the separation of the emulsion and thereby increases the particle size. Under the pressure of the homogenizer, the materials flow into the cavitation nozzle with a very small aperture at several times the speed of sound. Meanwhile, intense friction and collision take place between the particles and the metal valve parts. This friction reduces the service life of the equipment, and the collisions cause metallic particles to fall into the final products. | |||
'''Impact valve:''' The impact valve and impact ring structure moderately reduce local wear and prolong the homogenization chamber’s service life by using tungsten alloy materials. The role of the impact valve is a combination of impact and cavitation. However, its basic principle is the collision of the material in the suspension with the structure of a high-hardness metal (such as tungsten alloy). Therefore, the impact valve still cannot solve the problem of metallic particle residue. By the first decade of the 20th century, most high pressure homogenizers have added impact valve component. | |||
====Second Generation: Interaction Type==== | |||
[[File:High_Pressure_Homogenizers_Interaction_chamber.png|thumb|200px|right|Interaction chamber with cooling jacket[]] | |||
'''Y-type interaction chamber:''' The Y-type interaction chamber, regarded as one of the most powerful homogenization chambers to date, has been used by several manufacturers in the USA. In these systems, the flow stream is split into two channels that are redirected over the same plane at right angles and propelled into a single flow stream. High pressure promotes a high speed at the crossover of the two flows, which results in high shear, turbulence, and cavitation over the single outbound flow stream. With the unique Y-type structure, the high-speed moving materials in the high-pressure solution collide with each other, in a process that greatly improves the service life of the chamber over those with more conventional designs. The use of diamond material prevents the formation of metal particle residue. | |||
The Y-type interaction chamber is widely used in the preparation of pharmaceutical emulsions because it minimizes cavitation and produces exquisite, stable particle size and PDI (poly dispersity index) control ability. Genizer and Microfluidics Corp. are the main manufacturers of the diamond interaction chamber. At present, the Y-type diamond interaction chamber is mainly used in high-end nanotechnology, and it occupies more than 90% of the US pharmaceutical industry. Genizer’s temperature-controlled interaction chamber avoids temperature surges and enables working pressure of up to 60,000 psi. | |||