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High Pressure Homogenizers (view source)
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'''High Pressure Homogenizers''' are used for homogenization of compounds that require high pressure for the processes. High Pressure Homogenizers are often the solution particularly useful in the pharmaceutical and biotech industries. | '''High Pressure Homogenizers''' are used for homogenization of compounds that require high pressure for the processes. High Pressure Homogenizers are often the solution particularly useful in the pharmaceutical and biotech industries. High pressure homogenizers, prepare nanomaterial by producing high flow velocity through a small orifice, using a specially designed internal fixed geometry under ultra-high pressure (up to 60,000 psi). During the homogenization process, changes in physical, chemical, structural properties occur, and as a result, homogeneous suspension takes place at nanoscale. The pressure of a conventional homogenizer is within 15,000 psi, while a high pressure homogenizer can achieve 30,000 psi, and an ultra-high pressure homogenizer can reach up to 60,000 psi. | ||
==Introduction== | |||
High pressure homogenizers are used in the biological, pharmaceutical, food, chemical, and many other industries. Their products and purposes include cell disruption, food homogenization, fine chemicals, preparation of liposomes, fat emulsions, nanosuspensions, microemulsions, lipid microspheres, vaccines, emulsions, dairy products, infusion solutions, dyes, graphene, carbon nanotubes, conductive coatings, nano-oxide dispersion, and more. The global market for high pressure homogenizers is growing annually, and this is especially true in the nanotechnology market. To prepare pharmaceutical nanoemulsions, high pressure homogenizers such as the nanogenizer are essential: Their pressure is always above 20,000 psi, and they feature high-quality diamond interaction chambers to achieve a uniform, pharmaceutical-grade nanoparticle size distribution. | |||
==Key Principles== | |||
The key component of a high pressure homogenizer includes a homogenization unit such as diamond interaction chamber, and a high pressure pump unit. There is a specially designed fixed geometry inside the diamond interaction chamber. Strokes of the piston in the high pressure pump unit drive the samples through the interaction chamber at supersonic speed. In the chamber, materials are subjected to mechanical forces such as high shearing, high-frequency oscillation, cavitation and convective impact, and corresponding thermal effects simultaneously. These mechanical and physiochemical effects can induce change in the physical, chemical, and particle structure of the materials. This results in uniform and smaller nanoparticle size, achieving a homogenization effect. | |||
The interaction chamber is the core of the high pressure homogenizer, and its unique geometric internal structure is the main factor determining the effectiveness of the homogenization process. The intensifier pump exerts the required pressure for materials to pass through the interaction chamber at high speed. The pressure’s strength and stability are important to ensure the production of high-quality nanomaterials. | |||
==Applications== | |||
The high pressure homogenizer is one of the most effective pieces of equipment for preparing nanomaterial using top-down nanotechnology. The high pressure homogenizer and its interaction chamber have a wide variety of applications in the production of nanomaterial and nanotechnology. | |||
These applications include: | |||
* Preparation of fat emulsion, microemulsions, liposomes, nanosuspensions, and nanoparticles in the pharmaceutical industry; | |||
* Cell disruption, microcapsules, and vaccine adjuvants in biotechnology products; | |||
* Homogenization and emulsification in the food and beverage industry to improve stability, taste, appearance, and encapsulation of nutrients in food products; | |||
* Homogeneous dispersion of products in the cosmetics, fine chemical, and other industries to improve product functionality, increase value, and ensure process stability; | |||
* Dispersion and exfoliation of conductive paste, resistance paste, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and nano-oxides. | |||