Difference between revisions of "Active Freeze Dryers"

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* Please start editing this page after the /noinclude  
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[[File:Active.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Active Freeze Dryer]]
[[File:Active_Freeze_Dryers.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Active Freeze Dryers]]
[[File:Freeze_dying.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Freeze Drying]]
[[File:Freeze_Drying.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Freeze Drying]]
The '''Active Freeze Dryers''' are mainly used for freeze dying process. The freeze dying process is widely used in recent times.
The '''Active Freeze Dryers''' are mainly used for freeze dying process. The freeze dying process is widely used in recent times.
Freeze-drying or commonly known as Lyophilization is a gentle, but technically complex drying process during  which moisture is extracted from the frozen goods under vacuum  conditions. So, many liquid active pharmaceutical ingredients for the  pharmaceutical industry are quickly deep-frozen at temperatures of -70  to -100°C. Then, the frozen material is dried in a vacuum chamber. The  ice evaporates at under pressure without becoming liquid - it sublimates.  The water vapor is then extracted at increased vacuum and higher  temperatures. For some types, the encapsulation of the glass bottles  containing the ingredient is carried out under clean room conditions. Of  all types of drying, freeze-drying leads to the least product changes  and losses of ingredients.  The Freeze Dryers operate in 3 steps: freezing, main drying, final drying.  As from the second step, a vacuum pump is connected to the drying  chamber to initiate the sublimation. Here, extreme parameters are  reached. The vacuum sensor must withstand 5 x 10-3 mbar. This means no  external particles must enter into the drying chamber, as they would  contaminate the product.
Freeze-drying or commonly known as Lyophilization is a gentle, but technically complex drying process during  which moisture is extracted from the frozen goods under vacuum  conditions. So, many liquid active pharmaceutical ingredients for the  pharmaceutical industry are quickly deep-frozen at temperatures of -70  to -100°C. Then, the frozen material is dried in a vacuum chamber. The  ice evaporates at under pressure without becoming liquid - it sublimates.  The water vapor is then extracted at increased vacuum and higher  temperatures. For some types, the encapsulation of the glass bottles  containing the ingredient is carried out under clean room conditions. Of  all types of drying, freeze-drying leads to the least product changes  and losses of ingredients.  The Freeze Dryers operate in 3 steps: freezing, main drying, final drying.  As from the second step, a vacuum pump is connected to the drying  chamber to initiate the sublimation. Here, extreme parameters are  reached. The vacuum sensor must withstand 5 x 10-3 mbar. This means no  external particles must enter into the drying chamber, as they would  contaminate the product.
==='''Why Active Freeze Dryers are required?'''===
==='''Why Active Freeze Dryers are required?'''===
Until now most of  the freeze dryers are of the Tray Dryer  type. Despite the optimal  structure of the individual product particles the  product layer on the  plates will usually form one piece of hard baked material.  Often the  product has to be crushed after freeze drying, which may lead to damage  of the product structure. Another disadvantage is the relatively low  heat  transfer rate due to the dead state of the material on the plates.  Also the  handling of the product is quite labor intensive because the  trays have to be  filled and discharged manually. In this context active freezing came into existent. For this active freezing process a special kind of dryers were emerged named Active Freeze Dryers.
Until now most of  the freeze dryers are of the Tray Dryer  type. Despite the optimal  structure of the individual product particles the  product layer on the  plates will usually form one piece of hard baked material.  Often the  product has to be crushed after freeze drying, which may lead to damage  of the product structure. Another disadvantage is the relatively low  heat  transfer rate due to the dead state of the material on the plates.  Also the  handling of the product is quite labor intensive because the  trays have to be  filled and discharged manually. In this context active freezing came into existent. For this active freezing process a special kind of dryers were emerged named Active Freeze Dryers.
==='''Advantage'''===
 
 
==='''Advantages'''===
* Active Freeze Dryer enables to produce at low temperature and low pressure a lump-free, free-flowing, freeze dried product.
* Active Freeze Dryer enables to produce at low temperature and low pressure a lump-free, free-flowing, freeze dried product.
* The Active Freeze Dryer also has a better heat transfer rate due to the continuous mixing of the product, resulting in shortening the drying  process.
* The Active Freeze Dryer also has a better heat transfer rate due to the continuous mixing of the product, resulting in shortening the drying  process.
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* The Active  Freeze Dryer can also be used in continuous operation.
* The Active  Freeze Dryer can also be used in continuous operation.
* Since the dried product  is released from the frozen material during the  drying process, these dry  particles can be collected separate from the  actual dryer.
* Since the dried product  is released from the frozen material during the  drying process, these dry  particles can be collected separate from the  actual dryer.
==='''Typical Applications'''===
==='''Typical Applications'''===
* Temperature  sensitive materials
* Temperature  sensitive materials
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* Blood serum
* Blood serum
* Ultra-fine (nano) materials
* Ultra-fine (nano) materials
==Video==
==Video==
<youtube>UDlN5NVNsMo</youtube>
<youtube>UDlN5NVNsMo</youtube>

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